Ligand Influences on Copper Cyanide Solid-State Architecture: Flattened and Fused “Slinky”, Corrugated Sheet, and Ribbon Motifs in the Coper-Cyanide-Triazolate-Organoamine Family. D. J. Chestnut, A. Kusnetzow, R.R. Birge and J. Zubieta (1999) Inorg. Chem. 38, 5484-5499

Biomolecular electronics: Protein-based associative processors and volumetric memories. R.R. Birge, N.B. Gillespie, E.W. Izaguirre, A. Kusnetzow, A.F. Lawrence, D. Singh, Q.W. Song, E. Schmidt, J.A. Stuart, S. Seetharaman and K.J. Wise (1999) J. Phys. Chem. B. 103, 10746-10766

Photochemistry of the primary event in short-wavelength visual opsins at low temperature. B.W. Vought, A. Dukkipatti, M. Max, B.E. Knox and R.R. Birge (1999) Biochem. 38, 11287-11297

Solid state coordination chemiostry of the copper halide- and pseudo-halide-organoamine system, Cu-X-[(bis-2,3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazine)] (X = Cl, Br, CM): Hydrothermal synthesis and strctural characterization. D. J. Chesnut, A. Kusnetzow, R. R. Birge and J. Zubieta (1999) Inorg. Chem. 38, 2663-2671

Molecular electronics and hybrid computers. B. W. Vought and R. R. Birge, Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (1999) 13, 477-490

The nature of the chromophore binding site of bacteriorhodopsin: The potential role of Arg-82 as a principal counterion, A. Kusnetzow, D.L. Singh, C.H. Martin, I. Barani and R.R. Birge (1999) Biophys. J. 76, 2370-2389

Bit-error sources in 3D optical memory: experiments and models. A. F. Lawrence, J. A. Stuart, D. L. Singh and R. R. Birge (1999) Proc. SPIE 3468, 258-268

The angular orientation of the retinyl chromophore of bacteriorhodopsin: reconciliation of 2H NMR and optical measurements. B.S. Hudson and R.R. Birge (1999) J. Phys. Chem. A 103, 2251-2256

The transition dipole orientation of linear polyenes: Semi-empirical models and extrapolation to the infinite chain limit, R.R. Birge, M.Z. Zgierski, L. Serrano-Andres and B.S. Hudson (1999) J. Phys. Chem. A 103, 2251-2256

Propagation of a Gaussian beam in a bacteriorhodopsin film. Q.W. Song, X.M. Wang, R.R. Birge, J.D. Downie, D. Timucin and C. Gary (1998) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 15, 1602-1609

Photochemistry in dried polymer films incorporating the deionized blue membrane form of bacteriorhodopsin. J.R. Tallent, J.A. Stuart, Q.W. Song, E.J. Schmidt, C.H. Martin and R.R. Birge (1998) Biophys. J. 75, 1619-1634

Design, synthesis and photodynamics of light-harvesting arrays comprised of a porphyrin and one, two or eight boron-dipyrrin accessory pigments. F. Li, S.I. Yang, Y. Ciringh, J. Seth, C.H. martin, D.L. Singh, D. Kim, R.R. Birge, D.F. Bocian, D. Holten and J.S. Lindsey (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 10001-10017

Quadratic electrooptic effects in bacteriorhodopsin. Measurement of y(-w;0,0,w) in dried gelatin thin films. M. Yamazaki, J. Goodisman and R. R. Birge (1998) J. Chem. Phys. 108, 5876-5887

Reparameterizing MNDO for excited state calculations using ab initio effective Hamiltonian theory: Application to the 2,4-pentadien-1-iminium cation. C.H. Martin and R.R. Birge (1998) J. Phys. Chem. A 102, 852-860

Addressing considerations of 3-D optical memories with photoabsorptive and refractive materials. Q W. Song, X. M. Wang, R. R. Birge, J. D. Downie, D. Timucin and C. Gary (1997) Opt. Mem. Neurarl Netw. 6, 297-303

Protein-based three-dimensional memories and associative processors. R.R. Birge, B. Parsons, Q.W. Song and J.R. Tallent, in Molecular Electronics (eds. M.A. Ratner and J. Jortner), Blackweel Science Ltd., Oxford (1997) pp. 439-471

Towards a Bacteriorhodopsin-Silicon Neuromorphic Photosensor. C. H. Martin, Z. P. Chen, and R. R. Birge, Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing (eds. R.B. Altman, A.K. Dunker, L. Hunter and T.E. Klein), (1997) 268-279

Bioelectronics. R.R. Birge, 1997 Yearbook of Science & Technology McGraw-Hill, New York (1997) pp. 212-216.

Protein-based volumetric memory. J.A. Stuart, J.R. Tallent, E.H.L. Tan and R.R. Birge (1996) Proc. IEEE Nonvol. Mem. Tech. (INVMTC) 6, 45-51

Effective photochromic nonlinearity of dried blue-membrane bacteriorhodopsin films. J. Tallent, Q.W. Song, Z. Li, J. Stuart and R.R. Birge (1996) Opt. Lett. 17, 1339-1341

Biological photochrome bactertiorhodopsin film based photon transistor- applications study. G. Liqun, Z. Chunping, Z. Guangyin, L. Jia, C. Xiaobo, W. Yongmei, T. Mingrong, P. Jilun, Q.W. Song, B. Parsons and R.R. Birge (1996) Acta Scient. Naturalium Univ. Nankaiensis 29, 1-4 (in Chinese).

Biological photochrome bactertiorhodopsin film based photon transistor- model establishment. Z. Chunping, G. Liqun, C. Xiaobo, L. Jia, Z. Guangyin, W. Yongmei, T. Mingrong, P. Jilun, Q.W. Song, R.B. Gross and R.R. Birge, Acta. Sci. Naturalium Univ. Nankaiensis, 29, No. 1, 30-34 (1996) (in Chinese).

Bacteriorhodopsin based photonic logic gate and its application to gray level image subtraction. Gu, L. Q., C. P. Zhang, A. F. Niu, J. Li, G. Y. Zhang, Y. M. Wang, M. R. Tong, J. L. Pan, Q. W. Song, B. Parsons, and R. R. Birge (1996) Opt. Commun. 131, 25-30

Role of calcium in the proton pump of bacteriorhodopsin. Microwave evidence for a cation-gated mechanism. R.R. Birge, D.S.K. Govender, K.C. Izgi and E.H.L. Tan (1996) J. Phys. Chem. A 100, 9990-10004

Correlation between surfactant/micelle structure and the stability of bacteriorhodopsin in solution. E.H.L. Tan and R.R. Birge (1996) Biophys. J. 70, 2385-2395

Large Organic Cations can Replace Mg2+ and Ca2+ Ions in Bacteriorhodopsin and Maintain Proton Pumping Ability, E. H. L. Tan and R. R. Birge (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 2752-2753

Characterization of the primary photochemical events in bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin. J. A. Stuart and R.R. Birge (1996) Biomem. 2A, 33-139

Advances in protein-based three-dimensional optical memories. Z. Chen, D. Govender, R. Gross and R. Birge, (1995) BioSys. 35, 145-151

Real-time holographic imaging with a bacteriorhodopsin film. Y.H. Zhang, Q. W. Song, C. Tseronic and R.R. Birge (1995) Opt. Lett. 20, 2429-2431

Modified critical angle method for measuring the refractive index of bio-optical materials and its application to bacteriorhodopsin. Q.W. Song, C.Y. Ku, C. Zhang, R.B. Gross, R.R. Birge and R. Michalak (1995) J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B. 12, 797-803

Biomolecular photonics based on bacteriorhodopsin. R.R. Birge and R.B. Gross, in CRC Handbook of Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology, W.M. Horspool and P-S Song, eds. (CRC Press, New York, 1995), pp. 1568-1586.

On the molecular origins of thermal noise in vertebrate and invertebrate photoreceptors. R.R. Birge and R.B. Barlow (1995) Biophys. Chem. 55, 115-126

The active site of bacteriorhodopsin. Two-photon spectroscopic evidence for a positively charged chromophore binding site mediated by calcium. J.A. Stuart, B.W. Vought, C.F. Zhang and R.R. Birge (1995) Biospec. 1, 9-28

Determination of the thermal expansion and thermo-optical coefficients of a bacteriorhodospin film. Q.W. Song, C. Zhang, C.Y. Ku, M.C. Huang, R.B. Gross and R.R. Birge (1995) Opt. Commun. 115, 471-474

Protein-based computers. R.R. Birge (1995) Sci. Amer. 272, 90-95

Biomolecular optoelectronics. R.R. Birge and R.B. Gross, in Introduction to Molecular Electronics, M.C. Petty, M.R. Bryce and D. Bloor, eds, Edward Arnold, Kent, UK (1995) pp. 315-344